This Matlab tool also does curve fitting to the data and gives me the Pacejka Magic Formula coefficients (B,C,D,E) for longitudinal and lateral forces. 5 (2) 818 Downloads Updated 18 May 2019 View License Follow Download Overview Models Version History Reviews (2). Pacejka has produced a range of tire design models: Pacejka Magic Formula 96 Model, Pacejka Magic Formula 2002 Model, Pacejka Magic Formula 2002 Model and finally Pacejka Magic Formula 2006 Model, all in over the past 2 decades. Tire and. Since a large number of. The paper presents detailed results of the modal analysis. The combined stiffness of the suspension springs is 45. Surojit Sen on 25 Nov 2016. The lateral force of the tire can be calculated as. The most commonly used approach adopted to account for tire transient response is the stretched-string tire model introduced into MF-Tyre model version 2002 [8,9,12,[20] [21] [22]. Search a great selection of spare parts for trucks, trailers and tractors at Truck1. 3rd Edition. Although, many different tyre models are being used for analysing. The tire model describes the relationship between the kinematics and the forces that are applied by the ground, as shown in Figure 3. They were named the "Magic Formula" because there is no particular physical basis for the structure of the equations chosen, but they fit a wide variety of tire constructions and operating conditions. Lugner, Editor-of-Chief for the International Journal of Vehicle System Dynamics"Pacejka (Delft U. In order to clarify the relationship between the tire characteristic parameters and the six-dimensional tire force, a right-handed system is necessary. My main two references are the car physics article by "Macro Monster". IEEE Trans Control Syst Technol 10(1):137-148. In the CarSim vehicle model, the Pacejka 5. The Pacejka model [7, 11,12,13,14,15,16,17] became a prominent model in the vehicle field. The proposed scheme uses a sliding mode observer to reconstruct the friction coefficient μ using equivalent injection ideas. Testing & Assessment. The sideslip angle plays an extremely important role in vehicle stability control, but the sideslip angle in production car cannot be obtained from sensor directly in consideration of the cost of the sensor; it is essential to estimate the sideslip. OBJECTIVES: To derive the `delta_f/delta_r` formula for zero side slip. chrono can suggest a time step for use with the ODE slips. 35 kN/m. Since the MF is a widely used tyre model (owing to its high utility and versatility), the brush model results are compared to the MF as a 'benchmark'. In this new paperback edition of Tire and Vehicle Dynamics, theory is supported by practical and experimental evidence. 33 - 12. Tire modeling for an outstanding grip on vehicle dynamics. Butter- worth Heinemann, 2002. The model chosen for this study is the steady state Pacejka 96 (Pacejka, 2002) model also known under the name of "Magic Formula". Illustrated by application examples, we'll describe modeling techniques with increasing level of detail, from Pacejka's Magic Formula to Finite Element modeling and Computational Fluid Dynamics. Example of the slip angle curve obtained from a Pacejka Magic Formula empirical tire model. The CDTire can be used in Ride and Handling vehicle analysis focusing on comfort, durability, and vehicle dynamics. The driving wheel is subjected to a non-linear load torque resulting from the interaction produced between the tire and the. Kasprzak said that, in order to simulate a bad asfalt grip (like those we can find in parking lots, for example) on the pacejka 96 model calculation of. Calculate the tire stiffness. An overview of Pacejka tire model is given in Fig. Following the instructions in the documentation, you have to compose a function y = f (x) where everything are constant values except the x, then draw it. Modelling Transient Response Using PAC 2002-Based Tyre Model. Lugner, Editor-of-Chief for the International Journal of Vehicle System Dynamics"Pacejka (Delft U. Pacejka and Burkhardt Tire Models: One of the most well-known tire models presented in the vehicle dynamics literature is the Pacejka model (Pacejka, 2002), also known as the Magic Formula. Goryca published Force and Moment Plots from Pacejka 2002 Magic Formula Tire Model Coefficients | Find, read and cite . The Tire (Magic Formula) block represents a tire with longitudinal behavior given by the Magic Formula [1], an empirical equation based on four fitting coefficients. Surojit Sen on 25 Nov 2016. 2 simulation software. Cheers Christoph. Pages: 207-220. Google Scholar. 1 / 6. The tire mechanical characteristics under combined cornering and braking/driving situations have significant effects on vehicle directional controls. Maximum dynamic forces were 2. Approximate dynamic shimmy response of pneumatic tires. 13 physically. However, I don't know why there is no this implementation in default branch. The vibrational modes (generalized) of a two-wheel vehicle are studied in several trim configurations. The block ignores tire properties such as compliance and inertia. In order to clarify the relationship between the tire characteristic parameters and the six- . BiBTeX EndNote RefMan. In the present study, the Pacejka tire model is selected as the main tire model used to represent the. Recently i started looking into vehicle physics/simulations and tire friction models. Learn about: When to Use PAC2002 Modeling of Tire-Road Interaction Forces Axis Systems and Slip. Tyre Characteristics and Modelling. Right after finishing that, I have tried to make some plots, so that I could take a look at the tire's characteristics and verify whether or not my model works, but I'm a bit of a. In this way a new and compact empirical model is obtained, enabling sensitivity studies to be performed. The Magic Formula Tire Force and Torque block implements the combined slip steady-state magic formula model and can optionally include turn slip effects [1]. You can easily compare all aspects of the tire models to raw tire data to ensure accuracy. TIRE ID: 6 TYR910 -> Pacejka 2002 Tire Model Using 2D Road One point Contact TIRE ID: 8 TYR910 -> Pacejka 2002 Tire Model Using 2D Road One point Contact STATICS: Original static solver will be used with the Sparse linear solver. Keywords: vehicle dynamics; tire model; thermal tire model;. With tires, [like suspension and steering compliances], the analytical model is universally nonlinear. Tire model. This complex model combines the models of spatial dynamics (7 DOFs - degrees of freedom), nonlinear double-track dynamics (3 DOFs), and the Pacejka nonlinear tire model. Tire model. Book Description. 'A modified Dugoff tire model for combined-slip forces. Google Scholar. Tire Parameters Block. There, a more sophisticated tire model is used. The linear tire model describes a linear relationship between tire lateral force and slip angle. 2; Fiala; Harty; Custom tire models. For further study we refer to Sec. Pacejka tire coefficients FSAE com December 2nd, 2019 - Most versions of the Magic Formula Tyre Model have a slightly different number of coefficients and sometimes the meaning of those coefficients can vary from model to model For example B4 might mean one thing in the 94 model and another thing in a different model. Vehicle Syst Dyn 1993; 21: 1-18. (Redirected from Bias-ply). We wish to acknowledge kindly the European Community for having funded this research project and all other partners, especially Mr Mancosu, coordinator of the VERTEC project (official contract G3RD-CT-2002-00805) and the partners involved in task 2a (Reference tyre characterizations and tests) and task 2b (Development and validation of Tyre-Pavement interaction model). leading tire model expert Hans Pacejka explains the relationship between operational variables, vehicle variables and tire modeling, taking you on a journey through the effective modeling. The model requires Delft-Tyre software from TNO Automotive to run, which can be requested from www. A two term exponential model of a tire with the possibility of a standby 3rd term for load sensitivity makes a great tire model. A single point contact is considered for the tire-ground interaction. This part's fitment is based on the following manufacturer's part numbers (OEM): 59914-00 Rear Fender Fairing Tire Hugger 2002 Harley Softail Standard EFI FXSTI $ 149. Pacejka tire coefficients FSAE com December 2nd, 2019 - Most versions of the Magic Formula Tyre Model have a slightly different number of coefficients and sometimes the meaning of those coefficients can vary from model to model For example B4 might mean one thing in the 94 model and another thing in a different model. - Deflection = Free radius - Loaded radius = 13. [5] H. , 2020, Segawa et al. Report Documentation Page Form Approved OMB No. FANCHER, J. , Lechner, D. Software according to Tyre and Vehicle Dynamics by Pacejka [1]. most widely used model, Pacejka’s ‘Magic Formula’ Updated with the latest information on new and evolving tire models to ensure you can select the right model for your needs, apply it appropriately and. PAC2002 is latest version of a Magic-Formula model available in Adams/Tire. Brit (borstel- en ringband) CDTire (Comfort and Durability Tyre) CTIRE (Comfort Tyre). pacejka the author provides both basic and advanced knowledge of the mechanical behaviour of the pneumatic tyre and its impact on vehicle dynamic performance, 0080970168 9780080970165 tire and vehicle dynamics 3rd edition hans b pacejka 0080970168 9780080970165 buy best price tire and vehicle dynamics 3rd edition, the. The formula is capable of describing the characteristics of side force, brake force and self aligning torque with great accuracy. , 2002, Tyre and Vehicle Dynamics (Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann Editions)] into his Magic Formula tyre model to. then obtained the braking force of wheels on the basis of the magic tire model. Since a large number of vehicle dynamics maneuvers do not occur under steady-state slip conditions, the contact patch slip state equations are included to provide more accurate results under. Since a large number of vehicle dynamics maneuvers do not occur under steady-state slip conditions, the contact patch slip state equations are included to provide more accurate results under. DOI: 10. PDF | On Jun 12, 2021, Ossama Ammari and others published Longitudinal modelling of Electric Vehicle driven by a BLDC In-Wheel Motor based on Pacejka tire model | Find, read and cite all the. Pacejka and Burkhardt Tire Models: One of the most well-known tire models presented in the vehicle dynamics literature is the Pacejka model (Pacejka, 2002), also known as the Magic Formula. drag, and suspension parameters are identified. Pacejka "Magic Formula", a solution developed by Hans B. The fact that from the start the tyre model equations were published in the open literature has certainly contributed to the popularity of the Magic Formula. Pacejka has produced a range of tire design models: Pacejka Magic Formula 96 Model, Pacejka Magic Formula 2002 Model, Pacejka Magic Formula 2002 Model and finally Pacejka Magic Formula 2006 Model, all in over the past 2 decades. Version 1. Tian Mi. Pacejka, Ijm Igo Besselink. Lacombe (2000) Tire Model for Simulations of Vehicle Motion on High and Low Friction Road Surfaces, Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings Orlando Florida USA Google. Two types of vehicle models were found by considering the degrees of freedom and linearity. Pacejka's 43 research works with 2,323 citations and 9,079 reads, including: An improved Magic Formula/Swift tyre model that can handle inflation pressure changes. In vehicle dynamics, a tire model is a type of multibody simulation used to simulate the behavior of tires. 2 is used with. 2 Tire Model. Based on this analysis, adaptation equations are proposed to compensate for the influence of these variables on the tire. A fully non-linear vehicle simulation model is used to test the effect of delaying steering inputs and dropped packets on an off-site autoregressive steering controller supplying direct steering inputs to a vehicle, and shows that at dropped packet percentages of up to 40% adequate vehicle control is maintained. The vibrational modes (generalized) of a two-wheel vehicle are studied in several trim configurations. The literature showed that using a steady-state tyre model (for the optimal controller predictions) should be good for ABS simulations, and thus no transient. Pacejka HB. Lublin Official Home Page- not the most informative city site, but some nice pictures and they have a camera giving a picture of the main gate to the old town, updated every 30 seconds (click on the 'Goat' image at the top of the page, and then the 'goat' at the top right corner of. Now I was looking to program the model equations into Matlab and use these coefficients to generate forces for simulation. That x. 1981 Lugner P. Pacejka tire coefficients FSAE com December 2nd, 2019 - Most versions of the Magic Formula Tyre Model have a slightly different number of coefficients and sometimes the meaning of those coefficients can vary from model to model For example B4 might mean one thing in the 94 model and another thing in a different model. Heinemann 2002 Identifying parameters have been obtained by adjusting the. Pacejka Tire Model - File Exchange - MATLAB Central File Exchange File Exchange MATLAB Central Files Authors My File Exchange Publish About Trial software Pacejka Tire Model Version 1. Tire Library Overview The Tire Library contains components to model pneumatic tires. To accurately model vehicle performance for each event, a model of the tire. We wish to acknowledge kindly the European Community for having funded this research project and all other partners, especially Mr Mancosu, coordinator of the VERTEC project (official contract G3RD-CT-2002-00805) and the partners involved in task 2a (Reference tyre characterizations and tests) and task 2b (Development and validation of Tyre-Pavement interaction model). 36 = 0. Reload to refresh your session. The Magic Formula Tire Force and Torque block implements the combined slip steady-state magic formula model and can optionally include turn slip effects [1]. This paper investigates a three-degrees-of-freedom (DoF) shimmy model of vehicle front wheels with steering system and dependent suspension. 2 model (only for pure slip to begin with), however it's a set of 11 equations with 3 variables and 18 parameters. this model makes use of a simplified form of Pacejka's. This model consists of three different. Tire and vehicle dynamics. The main objective of this project is to verify the assumptions and mathematical curve fits used in Woods tire model for tires with different compound, sizes and manufacturers and also to express. to model steady-state tyre forces called Pacejka Magic formula. 40 A), leading to useless sliding of rubber against the road. It's also a great way to learn about how the tire model works. A rider robot was developed with Ruijs [Citation 41]. Pacejka Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands & Egbert Bakker NedCar Engineering & Development B. The elastic band model or the brush tyre model helps to explain the relationship between Longitudinal force ( F x F x) and Longitudinal slip (slip ratio) using fore-aft deflection of the brushes. SAE Technical Paper (1989). The PAC2002 contains the latest developments that have been published in Tyre and Vehicle Dynamics by Pacejka [1]. This resistive force is because of the hysteresis losses in the tires, and friction in bearings and gearing systems. of Technology, the Netherlands) updates the 2006 edition of his 2002 textbook and reference on modeling the dynamic behavior of inflated tires as components of vehicles. Army Tank-automotive and Armaments Research, Development and Engineering Center ATTN: RDTA-RS/MS157 6501 E 11 Mile Road Warren, Ml 48397-5000 9. Download 0. II - NONLINEAR MATHEMATICAL MODEL linear mathematical shimmy model, compared to a similar model in [2, 5, 10], consists of the torsional dynamics of the landing gear, the forces and moments, and of approximations to describe the tire's elastic lateral qualities, see Figure 1. A special procedure for evaluating the steady state solutions in straight running and on a curve is proposed. 423-447 2002. Based on Pacejka 2002 containing relaxation length concept;. An overview of Pacejka tire model is given in Fig. updated on 28 Oct 2019. Combined slip correction using Pacejka tire model: Considering a cornering scenario where the brakes are applied by the driver. Hans Pacejka (2012) Tire and Vehicle Dynamics, third edition (first edition 2002) Lugner, P. The PAC2002 Magic-Formula tire model has been developed by MSC. Vehicle Syst Dyn 1993; 21: 1-18. Sort by relevance. Surojit Sen on 25 Nov 2016. ABSTRACT: Tire radial stiffness is traditionally calculated from the wheel load deflection measurement. gives the readers an idea in order to utilize data and model tire behaviour. The model requires Delft-Tyre software from TNO Automotive to run, which can be requested from www. Brit (borstel- en ringband) CDTire (Comfort and Durability Tyre) CTIRE (Comfort Tyre). <br />. Example of the slip angle curve obtained from a Pacejka Magic Formula empirical tire model. [1] [2]. Butterworth-Heinemann, 2006 - Science - 642 pages. , & Gerdes, J. Sv =a11Fzγ +a12Fz +a13 S v = a 11 F z γ + a 12 F z + a 13. Tire model. The tire model developed in this paper provides a useful force. Approximate dynamic shimmy response of pneumatic tires. PAC2002 is a semi-empirical tire model because it has both the empirical (mathematical formulas) and physical modeling components. b12 in the picture), the function calculates the force y developed by the tire. The literature showed that using a steady-state tyre model (for the optimal controller predictions) should be good for ABS simulations, and thus no transient. Lugner, Editor-of-Chief for the International Journal of Vehicle System Dynamics"Pacejka (Delft U. The tire model describes the relationship between the kinematics and the forces that are applied by the ground, as shown in Figure 3. Plant Modeling for Control Design. "Pacejka 2002" tire model. 2002- 2012 Author of book (1st, 2nd ,3d editions) 'Tire and Vehicle Dynamics'. 2 Lateral Force The given tire model determines the lateral force and related torque which is dependent slip angle, longitudinal slip and force along the x-axis, the tire model. daughter and father porn, king of the hill naked sex
Hans Pacejka Subject: Tire and Vehicle Dynamics, Third Edition (2012) 649pp. . Pacejka 2002 tire model
A simplified magic formula tire model is used to describe the nonlinearity of the tires. (Maybe that is why i asked if Pacejka was a standard). simulation model (Treadsim) de scribed in (Pacejka, 2002). Analysis of the STI Tire Model. Web sites for the Lublin Province Other Web sites can be found through the appropriate Powiat Page (see above). Used 2002 CAT 420D For Sale In Winesburg, Ohio. — Butterworth-Heinemann, Elsevier, 2012. Example of the slip angle curve obtained from a Pacejka Magic Formula empirical tire model. Pacejka has produced a range of tire design models: Pacejka Magic Formula 96 Model, Pacejka Magic Formula 2002 Model, Pacejka Magic Formula 2002 Model and finally Pacejka Magic Formula 2006 Model, all in over the past 2 decades. As has been explained earlier, this method was originally developed for car tyres, in which. BAJA SAE is an engineering competition that challenges teams to design single-seat all-terrain vehicles that participate in a vast number of events, predominately. I am interested in tire model too. I have fit models using Optimum Tire. Parameter estimation in the Pacejka's tyre model through the TS method. 3rd Edition. Vehicle Syst Dyn 1993; 21: 1-18. Pacejka tire coefficients FSAE com December 2nd, 2019 - Most versions of the Magic Formula Tyre Model have a slightly different number of coefficients and sometimes the meaning of those coefficients can vary from model to model For example B4 might mean one thing in the 94 model and another thing in a different model. As the numbers show, it isn't quite perfect yet. CDTire offers three basic tire models: CDTire/3D A tire model featuring a 900 dof flexible belt model, a 1200 dof sidewalls model, and a brush contract model. Clean loader/backhoe that we traded in from a local farm. Used 2002 CAT 420D For Sale In Winesburg, Ohio. The Magic Formula Tire Model is based on the work by Pacejka et al 1, 2, 3, 4. WIDTH = 0. 36, 1, 3-24 Google Scholar; 11. Pacejka Magic Formula 2002; Pacejka Magic Formula 2002 with pressure effects; Pacejka Magic Formula 2006; PAC2002; MF5. You are professionals here, but I'm just autosim gamer. The deliverable is a full vehicle model of the 2002 racecar with a 2004 engine torque map and a tire model. , & Plöchl, M. Tire model. Clean loader/backhoe that we traded in from a local farm. BT - Tyre and vehicle dynamics. The first edition of the book, entitled 'Tyre and Vehicle Dynamics' was published in 2002 [62], and it was immediately recognised as a standard work and the definitive book on tyre mechanics. Therefore I would consider fitting to 2002 before using a sim to answer a question at that level of detail. This Matlab tool also does curve fitting to the data and gives me the Pacejka Magic Formula coefficients (B,C,D,E) for longitudinal and lateral forces. The PAC2002 contains the latest developments that have been published in Tyre and Vehicle Dynamics by Pacejka [1]. A two term exponential model of a tire with the possibility of a standby 3rd term for load sensitivity makes a great tire model. Pacejka tire coefficients FSAE com December 2nd, 2019 - Most versions of the Magic Formula Tyre Model have a slightly different number of coefficients and sometimes the meaning of those coefficients can vary from model to model For example B4 might mean one thing in the 94 model and another thing in a different model. Automated tire model fitting with fitting job scheduler. Pacejka tire coefficients FSAE com December 2nd, 2019 - Most versions of the Magic Formula Tyre Model have a slightly different number of coefficients and sometimes the meaning of those coefficients can vary from model to model For example B4 might mean one thing in the 94 model and another thing in a. The complete set of equations of the Magic Formula (MF) Tire model for pure longitudinal, pure lateral, combined longitudinal, and combined lateral forces with variation in the normal load, slip angle, and longitudinal slip and corrections for vertical camber has evolved over time; in the edition published in Pacejka, 1 the complete model. Pacejka [Citation 20]. To associate your repository with the pacejka topic, visit your repo's landing page and select "manage topics. independently of each other, in a sufficiently wi de range of values to cover the largest possible. For custom research and development applications, user-defined tire models can be easily constructed using an intuitive interface; Manage tire parameters easily with an intuitive app for organizing and handling your tire parameters across your model. First, in Step 1, the parameters of the tire model are varied randomly and. The chapter discusses vehicle dynamics with an emphasis on the influence of tire properties. [1] [2]. To understand a vehicle during acceleration and cornering it is of main importance to understand how weight transfer occurs. 5 KB) by Dusseldo. Differently from other estimation problems, the tyre parameters may change during the car life due to tyre aging, the. Pacejka has produced a range of tire design models: Pacejka Magic Formula 96 Model, Pacejka Magic Formula 2002 Model, Pacejka Magic Formula 2002 Model and finally Pacejka Magic Formula 2006 Model, all in over the past 2 decades. As you can. Goryca By: Force and Moment Plots from Pacejka 2002 Magic Formula Tire Model Coefficients STATEMENT. Tyre Inertia Effects 274. Download 0. 8th IAVSD Symp. For my racing game I am using a simplified Pacejka Magical Formula: μ l a t e r a l = μ 0 ∗ μ 1 ∗ D ∗ sin ( C ∗ arctan ( B ∗ x − E ∗ ( B ∗ x − arctan ( B ∗ x)))) Where: μ l. Pacejka, Tire and Vehicle Dynamics, third ed. Tire model. Pacejka has produced a range of tire design models: Pacejka Magic Formula 96 Model, Pacejka Magic Formula 2002 Model, Pacejka Magic Formula 2002 Model and finally Pacejka Magic Formula 2006 Model, all in over the past 2 decades. 1(a): macro-coe cients calculation Pacejka model Fz D B C E Sv Sh Fx. First of all, the Pacejka Magic formula, also called simply Magic Formula "MF" or "MF-tyre", is a function y=f (x) which is used to predict and simulate the forces developed by a tire. Based on these observations, in 2000 a three-year project named Tyre and Road Wear and Slip assessment (TROWS) was started. Resultant slip is calculated using normalized. Since the MF is a widely used tyre model (owing to its high utility and versatility), the brush model results are compared to the MF as a 'benchmark'. This was very informative. It allows to calculate the tire lateral force by the following equation: Y = Sv + D sin [C arctan {B (X - Sh ) (1 - E) +. SAE International, 2006 - Motor vehicles - 642 pages. 1 model. Abstract The aim of this paper is to explain one of the methods that can be used to fit the Pacejka Magic Formula Model for the lateral behaviour of the tire. Pacejka tire coefficients FSAE com December 2nd, 2019 - Most versions of the Magic Formula Tyre Model have a slightly different number of coefficients and sometimes the meaning of those coefficients can vary from model to model For example B4 might mean one thing in the 94 model and another thing in a. Pacejka tire coefficients FSAE com December 2nd, 2019 - Most versions of the Magic Formula Tyre Model have a slightly different number of coefficients and sometimes the meaning of those coefficients can vary from model to model For example B4 might mean one thing in the 94 model and another thing in a different model. User-based floating license system. Generally, the tire stiffnesses are analyzed for the purpose of improving vehicle traffic safety and passenger comfort with 4 directions, radial stiffness, circumferential stiffness, torsional. The LuGre friction model [Citation 33] has also been proved to be able to replicate the transient behaviour of tyres with high accuracy. Pacejka Magic Formula 2002; Pacejka Magic Formula 2002 with pressure effects; Pacejka Magic Formula 2006; PAC2002; MF5. , Würtenberger, M. In vehicle dynamics, a tire model is a type of multibody simulation . Tire and Vehicle Dynamics, third edition (first edition 2002) Lugner, P. Based on this analysis, adaptation equations are proposed to compensate for the influence of these variables on the tire. For the longitudinal formula x is the tire's longitudinal slip velocity. The Pacejka tire model is retained to describe the various phenomena generated at the wheel-road contact. Pacejka TU Delft, Delft, The Netherlands. Since tire-ground interaction is friction based, greater load leads to greater friction forces (longitudinal and transverse). Pacejka H. leading tire model expert Hans Pacejka explains the relationship between operational variables, vehicle variables and tire modeling, taking you on a. Case Setup 1) A geometry for the channel is created 2) The necessary boundary conditions are defined. In this well-known resource, leading tire model expert Hans Pacejka explains the relationship between operational variables, vehicle variables and tire modeling, taking you on a journey through the effective modeling of complex tire and vehicle dynamics problems. 3 Single contact point tire model description The single contact point tire model is an extension of the Pacejka Magic Formula for non-steady or transient driving maneuvers. Report Documentation Page Form Approved OMB No. This article was presented at the German Aerospace Congress 2002. Note that the preferred way of simulating fixed spindle cleat experiments on a drum is still using the DRUM_RADIUS keyword in the road data files of Polyline and Plank road. . cumshot multiple